{"id":2521,"date":"2023-03-14T07:59:55","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T06:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/?p=2521"},"modified":"2025-03-19T13:52:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T12:52:29","slug":"the-lithium-batterys-beginnings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/","title":{"rendered":"The Lithium Battery\u2019s Beginnings"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Clattering coins, a line of people, and pattering rain: a run-of-the-mill evening scenario in front of a yellow telephone booth. These previously offered the only opportunity to check in with family or friends while on the go. Nowadays, the 140-year era of the telephone booth has come to an end\u2014the smartphone already sealed its fate several years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The smartphone has now conquered our everyday lives.\nChatting, surfing, making phone calls without having to use coins or wait\u2014the\npossibilities seem almost limitless. The devices get their energy from lithium\ncells that can rapidly be recharged.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Handys aus den letzten Jahrzehnten. Von gro\u00df bis klein bis wieder gro\u00df mit gro\u00dfen Displays.\" class=\"wp-image-2511\" style=\"width:581px;height:386px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-280x187.jpeg 280w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_Handyentwicklung-1860x1240.jpeg 1860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>First smaller and smaller, then bigger again &#8211; cell phones and smartphones have changed a lot over time. Lithium batteries have played their part.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In search of the best anode material<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary, i.e. non-rechargeable lithium batteries with\nmetallic lithium have been around since the 1960s, mostly as button cells. The\ncells were non-rechargeable because the cyclization of lithium\u2014especially\nrecharging\u2014is no easy feat. But first, let us look at the early successes in developing\nthe rechargeable lithium battery:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe first successes in Germany took place in the\nmid-1970s. Developers led by Prof. J\u00fcrgen Otto Besenhard at the Technical\nUniversity of Munich recognized the possibility of using reversible\nintercalation of alkali metal ions in carbon as well as metallic oxide lattices\nas an operating principle for rechargeable lithium batteries,\u201d explains Dr\nJ\u00fcrgen Heydecke, Doctor in chemistry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Likewise, in the \u201970s,\nStanley Whittingham discovered that titanium disulfide can intercalate lithium\nions as a cathode in the interstitial lattice sites and deliver about 2 volts\nagainst lithium metal. \u201cMichel Armand called the concept with two solid\nintercalation materials a \u2018rocking chair\u2019 because the lithium \u2018rocks\u2019 back and\nforth between the anode and cathode. The name caused a sensation, and Bruno\nScrosati\u2019s lab work proved that this operating principle could truly be\nrealized,\u201d says Heydecke. So now it had been proven that a rechargeable lithium\nbattery with two solid electrodes in which lithium ions can be stored was\npossible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All that was missing\nwere suitable materials that would allow maximum voltage and, with high rocking\nnumbers, produce a large number of cycles. The American physicist John B.\nGoodenough as well as Akira Yoshino, who worked for Asahi Kasai, independently discovered\nthat lithiated cobalt oxide or petroleum coke or graphite as an anode material\ncan provide an average voltage of 3.6\/3.7 volts and hold 3\u20134.2 V for several\n100 cycles when charging\/discharging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Along with Stanley\nWhittingham, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2019\u2014a recognition of the phenomenal importance\nof this development to our daily personal and professional lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The\nroad to commercial lithium battery production<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nfirst commercially manufactured rechargeable lithium-ion cells were based on\nlithium metal serving as the anode material. Manganese oxide was used as the\ncathode material. However, there was one problem: Anodic metallic lithium poses\nthe risk of dendrite formation during the charging process, which is why only\nprimary lithium batteries were produced at the very beginning. Dendrites create\na major safety risk. The small deposits can grow during the charging process\nand create internal short circuits. The consequence is a thermal runaway, which\nusually ends in the cell burning down. This also became apparent with these cells,\nand they were taken off market after reports of numerous fires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\nthe late 1980s and early \u201990s, the first rechargeable lithium cell with an\nintercalation anode (carbon, initially \u201ccoke\u201d) was launched by Sony: the\nlithium cobalt oxide accumulator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now\nit became increasingly clear that lithium batteries are the future because they\nare light, small, and\u2014with 3.6 volts\u2014even triple the voltage of the aqueous alternatives, nickel-cadmium and\nnickel-metal hydride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/en-INT\/know_how\/introduction_to_li_po_battery_technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lithium batteries<\/a> have become an indispensable part of our everyday lives. The numerous ways in which they can be used have changed many aspects of our existence\u2014including our communication behavior. Thanks to lithium batteries, thin tablets and large smartphone screens are possible today. Nickel-metal hydride technology simply could not deliver the scope of what is now a reality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clattering coins, a line of people, and pattering rain: a run-of-the-mill evening scenario in front of a yellow telephone booth. These previously offered the only opportunity to check in with family or friends while on the go. Nowadays, the 140-year era of the telephone booth has come to an end\u2014the smartphone already sealed its fate<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[331,219,298],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Lithium Battery\u2019s Beginnings &#8211; Jauch Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When did lithium batteries enter our lives? And since when do they play such a huge role? 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Read more about the beginnings of lithium batteries here.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jauch Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jauch.com.de\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-14T06:59:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-19T12:52:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Header_Historie-von-Li-Bat-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1479\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Selina Ruof\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jauch_de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@jauch_de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Selina Ruof\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Selina Ruof\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/52fbe5fe0e8b083cfee757dee3fe5a1b\"},\"headline\":\"The Lithium Battery\u2019s Beginnings\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-14T06:59:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-19T12:52:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/\"},\"wordCount\":672,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Header_Historie-von-Li-Bat-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"History\",\"history of the battery\",\"lithium batteries\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Battery Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/\",\"name\":\"The Lithium Battery\u2019s Beginnings &#8211; Jauch Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/the-lithium-batterys-beginnings\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Header_Historie-von-Li-Bat-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-14T06:59:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-19T12:52:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"When did lithium batteries enter our lives? 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