{"id":1423,"date":"2020-05-20T11:46:53","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T09:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/?p=1423"},"modified":"2025-03-24T13:44:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T12:44:45","slug":"passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/","title":{"rendered":"Passivation of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub>) batteries are special in many ways; with 3.6 volts, they have the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/advantages-and-special-features-of-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\">highest cell voltage of any primary batteries available.<\/a> They are also extremely durable and can be safely stored for long periods of time. This excellent shelf life is the result of another special feature of LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub> batteries called &#8220;passivation&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantage of Passivation: Long Shelf Life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike all other lithium primary cells, the lithium anode of a LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub> battery reacts with the electrolyte. As a result of this chemical reaction, a protective film of lithium chloride crystals forms over the lithium anode, thus impeding the flow of ions between the battery`s anode and cathode. This phenomenon is called passivation of the cell. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The passivation of LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub> batteries ensures an extremely low self-discharge rate during storage. On average, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/en-INT\/products\/battery_technology\/getPrm\/batteries\/lithium%20thionyl%20chloride%20batteries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lithium thionyl chloride<\/a> cell loses only one percent of its total capacity per year. The degree of passivation increases the longer the battery is stored and the higher the storage temperature is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantage of Passivation: Voltage Delay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding the shelf life of LiSOCl<sub>2<\/sub> batteries, passivation has a positive effect. However, the passivation must also be considered when the battery is used for the first time. The passivation layer over the battery\u2019s anode obstructs the flow of current and thus provokes a drop in the operating voltage. With continuous operation, the passivation layer is gradually eroded, so the operating voltage raises to its normal level. This is visualized in the diagram below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"952\" height=\"651\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Passivierung_Web.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram shows the effect of passivation on cell voltage of lithium thionyl chloride batteries given different discharge currents.\" class=\"wp-image-1416\" style=\"width:714px;height:488px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Passivierung_Web.jpg 952w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Passivierung_Web-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Passivierung_Web-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Passivierung_Web-273x187.jpg 273w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The diagram shows the effects of passivation as a function of the required discharge currents. Low or medium discharge currents as depicted by curves A and B would thus not have a great effect on the battery as the operating voltage will drop only slightly before returning to ist normal level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, problems could occur if a lithium thionyl chloride battery is immediately subjected to high discharge currents after a long storage period (curve C). In this case, operating voltage could even drop below the cut-off voltage, thereby using trouble for the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fortunately, there is one effective way to prevent this.  Many lithium thionyl chloride batteries are equipped with a &#8220;wake-up&#8221; function. This is a powerful capacitor, connected with the battery in parallel to compensate for the initial voltage delay.<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Depassivation Currents Prevent Re-Passivation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As soon as a lithium thionyl chloride battery has been successfully depassivated, the operating voltage remains constant if current flows regularly. If not, the protective film on the anode\u2019s surface will form again. In order to avoid this re-passivation, specific depassivation currents are defined for each battery type. For an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/en-INT\/products\/battery_technology\/getPrm\/batteries\/lithium%20thionyl%20chloride%20batteries\/cylindrical%20cells%20(bobbin%20type)\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ER14505J<\/a> battery, for example, a continuous load current of 30 \u00b5A is recommended. It is also possible to apply a weekly pulse current of 20mA over a duration of 10 seconds, or a monthly pulse current of the same intensity over a duration of 60 seconds.\u00a0 <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jauch offers a broad range of lithium thionyl chloride batteries in different sizes and tab configurations. <a aria-label=\"Click here to learn more.  (\u00f6ffnet in neuem Tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/en-INT\/products\/battery_technology\/getPrm\/batteries\/lithium%20thionyl%20chloride%20batteries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here to learn more. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCl2) batteries are special in many ways; with 3.6 volts, they have the highest cell voltage of any primary batteries available. They are also extremely durable and can be safely stored for long periods of time. This excellent shelf life is the result of another special feature of LiSOCl2 batteries called &#8220;passivation&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[275,494,528,524,516,347,523,527,525,526],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Passivation of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries &#8211; Jauch Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Passivation is a unique feature of lithium thionyl chloride batteries. There are several aspects to take into account when using these batteries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Passivation of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries &#8211; Jauch Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Passivation is a unique feature of lithium thionyl chloride batteries. There are several aspects to take into account when using these batteries.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Jauch Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jauch.com.de\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-20T09:46:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-24T12:44:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Lithium_Thionylchlorid_Jauch-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1241\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marketing Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@jauch_de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@jauch_de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marketing Team\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Marketing Team\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/8465d9007d0bebb1905c676998d3cf85\"},\"headline\":\"Passivation of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-20T09:46:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-24T12:44:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\"},\"wordCount\":502,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Lithium_Thionylchlorid_Jauch-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"battery handling\",\"battery technology\",\"cell chemistry\",\"Depassivation\",\"LiSOCl2\",\"Lithium thionyl chloride\",\"Passivation\",\"Re-Passivation\",\"shelf life\",\"voltage delay\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Battery Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/\",\"name\":\"Passivation of Lithium Thionyl Chloride Batteries &#8211; Jauch Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/en\/passivation-lithium-thionyl-chloride-batteries\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.jauch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Lithium_Thionylchlorid_Jauch-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-20T09:46:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-24T12:44:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"Passivation is a unique feature of lithium thionyl chloride batteries. 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